Which signs indicate hypoglycemia in an athlete and how should you respond if they are conscious?

• A. Nausea and vomiting only.
• B. Shakiness, sweating, irritability, dizziness; give fast-acting carbohydrates if conscious and monitor; seek medical help if not improving.
• C. Blurred vision and chest pain; give insulin.
• D. Headache only.

Answer: (B)

Recognizing hypoglycemia during exercise comes from noticing symptoms that reflect low blood glucose and the body's attempt to raise it. The classic signs are shakiness, sweating, irritability, and dizziness, which occur as the body responds to insufficient glucose and the brain doesn’t get enough fuel.

If the athlete is conscious and able to swallow, respond by giving fast-acting carbohydrates right away—such as glucose tablets, juice, regular soda, or candy that provides quick sugar. After about 10–15 minutes, recheck their symptoms and, if possible, their glucose level. If symptoms improve, have a small snack or meal to sustain glucose and prevent a rebound drop. If there’s no improvement after another 10–15 minutes or if symptoms worsen, seek medical help promptly. In any case, avoid giving insulin or foods that take longer to digest if the person is still symptomatic, and ensure they remain supervised and hydrated during recovery.