How should frostbite be treated if encountered on the field?

• A. Rub briskly to generate heat.
• B. Apply ice to the skin to warm it.
• C. Move to warmth, avoid rubbing, remove wet clothing, gradually rewarm with warm (not hot) water if available, monitor, seek medical care as needed.
• D. Ignore frostbite symptoms and continue activity.

Answer: (C)

Treat frostbite on the field by getting the person to a warm environment, removing wet clothing, and rewarming the affected areas gradually and safely. The key is to avoid causing further tissue injury: don’t rub or massage the frostbitten skin, as this can damage ice-crystal–laden tissue and worsen pain and injury. If available, warm the area in circulating water at about body temperature (roughly 37–39°C / 98–102°F) for 15–30 minutes until sensation returns, then keep the area warm and protected and monitor for changes. If warming water isn’t available, use insulated blankets and the person’s own body heat, but avoid direct heat sources like heaters or hot water, which can cause burns. Remove any constricting or wet clothing and avoid walking on frostbitten feet if possible. Seek medical care as needed, especially if there are signs of deep frostbite, blistering, or if numbness persists.