How should bleeding be controlled on the field?

• A. Apply direct pressure with sterile gauze, elevate the limb if possible, and immediately apply a tourniquet.
• B. Elevate the limb and apply pressure; avoid using a tourniquet.
• C. Apply direct pressure with sterile gauze, elevate, and apply a tourniquet only if bleeding persists or is life-threatening.
• D. Ignore bleeding if the athlete is conscious.

Answer: (C)

The main idea is how to stop external bleeding in the field using a safe, stepwise approach. First, apply direct pressure with sterile gauze to the wound to compress the vessels and promote clotting. This simple action often controls the bleed quickly and reduces blood loss. If possible, keep applying pressure and monitor the wound while you do this.

Next, elevate the limb if there are no injuries that would make it unsafe (like a suspected fracture). Elevation helps by reducing blood flow to the area, which can slow bleeding and support clot formation. This step supports the pressure you’re already applying.

Only if the bleeding continues despite direct pressure and elevation, or if the bleed is life-threatening, should you move to a tourniquet. A tourniquet is reserved as a last resort because it cuts off blood flow to the entire limb and can cause tissue damage if left on too long. Use it to save a life when nothing else is stopping the hemorrhage.

This approach avoids ignoring bleeding and uses a tourniquet only when needed, which is why it’s the best choice.